00:00:04.800 --> 00:00:08.880 When you approach somebody the first time you need to gain that person's permission 00:00:08.880 --> 00:00:14.640 or consent before you help them. If you're in the workplace you may well be working with 00:00:14.640 --> 00:00:19.920 the person, they may know you. But you still need to ask their permission. Imagine 00:00:19.920 --> 00:00:24.560 yourself. You had an accident or you're feeling unwell and suddenly someone came up to you 00:00:24.560 --> 00:00:29.520 and started telling you what to do, bossing you about, and trying to treat you. You may 00:00:29.520 --> 00:00:31.200 well just want to be given a little bit of  00:00:31.200 --> 00:00:34.880 time and a little bit of space. But you  also want to be treated with respect. 00:00:35.600 --> 00:00:41.040 If someone introduces themselves and asks  permission, then you'll feel at ease. What   00:00:41.040 --> 00:00:46.000 you need to do when you approach a patient is  introduce yourself, and ask them permission. 00:00:46.560 --> 00:00:50.480 Say something like "Hello, my name's Keith. I'm a first aider. May I help you?" 00:00:51.200 --> 00:00:53.920 As soon as the person agrees or consents then  00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:57.120 you would have in the eyes of the  law permission to actually help them. 00:00:57.840 --> 00:01:02.880 They do not actually have to speak, they could  nod, or give other signs that they want your help,   00:01:02.880 --> 00:01:05.120 so long as there's a positive reaction from them. 00:01:06.080 --> 00:01:09.120 An example of when they couldn't  talk would be if they were choking,   00:01:09.120 --> 00:01:11.840 when they would nod or show  other signs of consent.   00:01:12.880 --> 00:01:18.320 If you ask permission and the person says no then  you can't directly help them, but you can still   00:01:18.320 --> 00:01:23.360 call the EMS or others to help deal with the  incident. It may well be this person doesn't 00:01:23.360 --> 00:01:28.160 want any fuss made about them, or they may be embarrassed, worried, or it might be they   00:01:28.160 --> 00:01:31.920 have other problems that they do not want to discuss. It may   00:01:31.920 --> 00:01:36.000 be even that you've caused the accident and they may well blame you for the condition they're in. 00:01:36.880 --> 00:01:40.160 If someone does deny help then  you need to try and gain their  00:01:40.160 --> 00:01:42.240 trust. So you can still talk to them, you 00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:44.400 can still call the emergency services, you  00:01:44.400 --> 00:01:46.640 can still report the incident  if it's in a workplace 00:01:46.640 --> 00:01:52.400 setting. Do what you can to try and get that person's trust and then help them, but do not 00:01:52.400 --> 00:01:57.840 put yourself in any danger or into any arguments. If you're dealing with a child, 00:01:57.840 --> 00:02:00.800 it may well be you need to ask the  permission of the parent or guardian. 00:02:01.440 --> 00:02:04.240 So you may say something like: "May I help your child?"   00:02:05.280 --> 00:02:08.480 Obviously if you're dealing with an infant then this baby is not 00:02:08.480 --> 00:02:13.120 going to be able to talk back to you. So you have to talk to the parent or the guardian,   00:02:13.120 --> 00:02:18.880 but if alone you would still help the infant or  the child as you would have their implied consent. 00:02:19.760 --> 00:02:23.760 The other problem could be if someone is  unconscious therefore they cannot answer you.   00:02:24.400 --> 00:02:28.720 If someone is unconscious you still ask for  permission, with something like: "Hello my   00:02:28.720 --> 00:02:32.960 name's Keith. I'm a first aider. May I help you?" Then even though you're not going   00:02:32.960 --> 00:02:36.880 to answer you, in the eyes of the law you  would have what's called "assumed consent." 00:02:37.840 --> 00:02:42.560 How Assumed Consent or Implied Consent  works is that if you picture yourself now,  00:02:42.560 --> 00:02:45.360 if you were out on the street  somewhere and you collapsed,   00:02:45.360 --> 00:02:47.520 would you want somebody to give you first aid? 00:02:48.320 --> 00:02:52.400 If your heart stopped would you  want someone to give you CPR? The  00:02:52.400 --> 00:02:57.600 answer's probably yes. So in the eyes of the law  if you ask somebody and they don't answer then you   00:02:57.600 --> 00:03:02.800 would have their consent to actually help them.  The whole time you're dealing with the incident,   00:03:02.800 --> 00:03:08.160 always talk to the person, even if they're  unconscious just keep talking the whole time   00:03:08.160 --> 00:03:12.560 because the hearing is often the last thing to  go. So it may well be that they're not actually   00:03:12.560 --> 00:03:16.960 showing signs of movement or being obviously  conscious, but they can still hear you. 00:03:17.840 --> 00:03:22.480 Talking to them can be quite comforting.  For example, if you're putting someone in   00:03:22.480 --> 00:03:26.240 a recovery position, talk to them the  whole time and tell them exactly what   00:03:26.240 --> 00:03:37.200 you're doing and at every stage keep talking to  them and reassuring them, until the EMS arrive.